Legislation restricting per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is driving manufacturers to develop alternative membranes and finishes for outdoor apparel, according to a new report from business information company Textiles Intelligence.
The 50-page report, “Waterproof breathable fabrics: changing legislation is driving innovation”, says consumer awareness of PFASs and tighter rules have prompted a major shift in the market.
PFASs have traditionally been used in waterproof breathable membranes, where they help prevent water penetration, and in durable water repellent (DWR) finishes, which make fabric surfaces repel water. However, they are often called “forever chemicals” because many do not break down easily and can persist in the environment. Exposure to certain PFASs has also been linked to adverse health effects.
Alternatives include bio-based polyurethanes and membranes free from fluorine. One of the most significant developments is a Gore-Tex membrane made from expanded polyethylene (ePE) by W L Gore & Associates, offering an alternative to the company’s original membrane made from expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), a fluoropolymer in the PFAS group.
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Manufacturers face the challenge of matching the performance demands of outdoor apparel. Fabrics must balance protection from rain with the ability to let moisture vapour escape, and requirements vary by use. A garment for prolonged exposure to severe weather may need greater protection against water penetration than one for everyday wear.
Global demand for waterproof breathable fabrics is forecast to grow at a healthy rate, reflecting their importance in outdoor apparel and the rising popularity of outdoor pursuits.
As the market grows and PFAS restrictions develop, manufacturers will face pressure to improve alternative membranes and finishes while meeting the needs of brands and consumers.
The report costs 401 pounds in the UK, 738 euros in Europe, the Middle East and Africa, and $971 in the Americas and Asia Pacific.